How to write a good essay
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Is the constitution effective? Essay
The United States Constitution is scrutinized constantly. Contradictions about the forces of national government and the privileges of states have been visit. Joined with the partition of forces, the insurance of common freedoms, and the capacity to make a national personality, the Constitution can't be viewed as whatever else yet powerful. The Constitution has kept going the country this long, and numerous things concerning the Constitution have been discussed. In any case, the Constitutions adequacy can't be addressed. At the Philadelphia Conference, where the constitution was marked and put the last addresses, the men who made the report needed to ensure that government could never lead over anybody of the U.S. once more. The establishing fathers did this by making a partition of forces, with 3 parts of government; Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. With powers isolated between these branches, it would guarantee that the nation could never fall under oppression, and it never has. State and bureaucratic forces were additionally isolated, giving state governments a little opportunity to make their own laws, yet at the same time keep the entirety of the national laws also. The establishing fathers of the Constitution attempted their best to make a successful piece of the administration where certain forces were isolated, and they did only that. Understand more: How did the constitution guard against oppression paper Common freedoms are fundamental rights ensured by laws or by a constitution. Generally when an American considers common freedoms, they think about the Bill of Rights, yet the Constitution itself shields itself from oppression. Numerous articles and corrections in the Constitution were put there for the main explanation however of the individuals, and to secure their privileges. These articles and changes spread everything from strict opportunity to one side to a reasonable path, the Framers truly thought of everything the individuals should have been shielded from around then. Some would contend that the Constitution was composed for the general public in 1787, and not for an advanced society, however a personââ¬â¢s fundamental needs to live are equivalent to they were in that time. Maybe it is a direct result of these rights Americans are given that they are underestimated of. After the Revolutionary War, the U.S. expected to split away from England, and make and picture and character for itself. The U.S expected to show that theyâ werenââ¬â¢t Britainââ¬â¢s little province any longer, it was a nation with a solid government. The Constitution gave the United States the personality it required. It is a solid archive, giving the government power, while simultaneously letting the individual states keep a portion of their sway. After the Constitution was marked, the economy developed, the country gradually came free and clear, and the United States earned regard, while demonstrating how viable their new government was. The Constitution is an exceptionally successful archive that helped the United States from multiple points of view. The Framers never needed to have oppression rule over the country, and it hasnââ¬â¢t as a result of this record. The Constitution ensures the privileges of the individuals, just as keeps up a solid focal government the individuals can depend on. The Constitution has kept going the United States this long with incredible achievement, so why should anybody question itââ¬â¢s viability?
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Lisbon Treaty for the Working of the European Union (EU) Essay
Lisbon Treaty for the Working of the European Union (EU) - Essay Example This development in the quantity of individuals is principally credited to reasons that fluctuate from being favorable in nature, to security issues, while a few researchers have even recommended normalized or digressive explanations behind the ascent in the quantity of part conditions of EU (McAllister, 2010). To improve getting, trust, and coordinated effort among the individuals, different bargains have been formulated every now and then identified with local approaches on economy and exchange, movement arrangements, social strategies, guard polices, and home and equity undertakings. Whatever bargains were Treaty of Rome (1957), Treaty of Maastricht (1992), Treaties of Nice (2001), the settlement that had a go at building up an European Constitution and flopped in 2004, and in conclusion the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007 (made compelling in 2009). The 2004 and 2007 settlements made a lot of debates, and numerous specialists guaranteed that the last two bargains were pointed principally at making a community European superpower. Be that as it may, the supporters for these arrangements battled that these were targeting clearing a path for a bigger EU in the 21stâ century (Church and Phinnemore, 2010). ... The pundits bring up the bodyââ¬â¢s absence of intensity inside the field of worldwide or territorial legislative issues, and therefore the body has been frequently named as ââ¬Ësoft powerââ¬â¢ (Fioramonti, and Lucarelli, 2008, 193-210). With regards to security issues, EU as a body is frequently seen as being fickle, insufficient, and conflicting (in the same place). Despite the fact that there is no uncertainty that a war between the any of the individuals from EU is unbelievable, the bodyââ¬â¢s reaction during an on-going war in the area, as far as ââ¬Ëcrisis management,ââ¬â¢ has not been extremely viable, and the Union is as yet seen as powerless, in wording ââ¬Ëunityââ¬â¢ among its individuals (Gilbert 2008, 641-658). In this specific situation, to comprehend whether the Lisbon Treaty (LT) would truly move in the direction of making a more grounded association among the part states, it is important to analyze the arrangement from lacking elbow room. The d elegates from the 27 EU part states marked the Treaty of Lisbon on eighteenth December 2007, which adjusted the Treaty building up the European Community (TEC) and the Treaty on European Union (TEU). There are seven Articles under the Treaty of Lisbon, where the changes to TEC and TEU are recorded under Articles 1 and 2 (Amendments to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaty Establishing the European Community, 2007). Under Articles 3-7, we find that there are arrangements for settlement span, the procedure of endorsement, and article renumbering (in the same place). This is not normal for the 2004 Treaty, which endeavored to set up an European Constitution, and stayed incapable inferable from negative choice votes cast by Netherlands and France. The Lisbon Treaty anyway retrains itself from attempting to supplant any of the settlements
Friday, August 21, 2020
Video Lesson Digital Footprint
Video Lesson Digital Footprint (0) Level: Middle school, High school, College Length: 2:04 Looking for more? Click here to see all of our video lessons and infographics. Tweeting, posting, tagging, sharing, and pinning are all social media related terms that are regularly used by the younger generation of today. Itâs pretty amazing to think that even just 10 years ago, they werenât household terms. The Internet allows us to create, share, and spread information and ideas with anyone in the world in just a matter of seconds. But do students ever think about what might happen to that information in one year, five years, ten years, or more from now? Every piece of information that is placed on the Internet becomes part of their digital footprint. A digital footprint is a trail of online information that is tied back to a specific person. Itâs important for students to be mindful of the items they post online as their digital footprint paints a picture of who they are. As educators, we want our students to shine and be their best selves now and also in the years to come. So itâs important to promote proper digital etiquette, or ânetiquette.â Use this Digital Footprints video in your classroom to provide: An introduction to digital footprints An explanation of the technology that prevents online information from being deleted Reasons as to why itâs important to think twice before posting Here are some discussion questions to pose to students, as well as extension activities, related to digital footprints: What do you find when you search for yourself on Google or another search engine? Name a few items you hope people would find out about you, either now or in the future, when they search for your name on the Internet. How can you prevent unwanted, negative items to appear when people search for your name on the Internet? What types of information do you believe digital devices track and store about you? Conduct a Google search for your favorite celebrity or historical figure. What items did you find about them that were positive? What items did you find about them that were negative? Besides job hunting, when do you think it would be beneficial to have positive, impressive information about yourself on the Internet? How can you add positive information about yourself onto Google or other search engines? Additional videos are linked here. Looking to learn more? Check out our EasyBib blog which regularly showcases articles and resources to use when teaching topics related to digital citizenship. We also have a variety of resources available that relate to citations, plagiarism, MLA format, APA format, and other information literacy skills.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Women s Education An International Human Right Without...
Women`s education is an international human right without any discrimination based on sex or gender. It is necessary for identity social development and a means for a prosperous life. Constantly, the United Nations emphasized women`s education and set goals for its success with gender equality. Empowering women`s education is an essential element in growing societies that seek democracy and economic advancement. For the last decade, Palestinian women education had been the concern for several reasons and a hot debate for many researchers. Palestinian women are known for their patience, determination and resilience in many hard life situations. They endured hardship, death, curfew and imprisonment during their admirable struggle for their rights and freedom. They always thought of education as a survival and liberation means in a conflict region. They suffered displacement and instability and deprivation in their education since the sixties of the last century. Additionally, they fac e daily obstacles and challenges in their education journey. Ultimately, Palestinian women used their education and powerful personalities to be the forefront in national disasters and complex situations. The target of this study is to investigate the educational access of Palestinian women as they rise above limitations, expectations and extraordinary conditions. I view the phenomena of Palestinian women struggle for fair access to education, justice and quality life admiring and worthShow MoreRelatedThe Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women1662 Words à |à 7 PagesConvention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (or CEDAW for short) is, in general, regarded as a ââ¬Å"bill of rightsâ⬠for women. ââ¬Å"The United Nations has encouraged states to recognize women s rights, most importantly through the CEDAW, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1979â⬠(Inglehart and Pippa 7). It aims at creating a number of acts that will ensure gender equality and protect women from all forms of discrimination. CEDAW is ratified by over 180 countries.Read MoreThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words à |à 7 PagesSocial, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee Issue: The prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberal take on the expressionRead MoreThe Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women1445 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is a comprehensive international treaty, created to advocate for the rights of women s. It is a highly ratified treaty since one hundred and eighty-six of the UNââ¬â¢s 193 members have agreed to apply its principles to their nation states and to protect and fulfil its terms and conditions (Wakefield 2010, p.22). The aim of the essay is to demonstrate the strengths of CEDAW in promoting gender equality, whilst simultaneouslyRead MoreWomen Of A And Become Self Reliant Essay1900 Words à |à 8 Pageswomen to sell fishes and become self reliant. For this purpose all the resources and instruments are provided by Gujarat government on a 50 % subsidized rate. Tamil Nadu- Periyar EVR Nagammai Free Education Scheme has been implemented in the State from 1989-90 for women students, irrespective of caste, creed and community, to encourage their education and to reduce dropout rate. This is a major scheme in the field of women s education in Tamil Nadu. Apart from the state schemes, many NGOs likeRead MoreTransgender As A Social Problem Essay3514 Words à |à 15 Pages TRANSGENDER IN SPORTS The existence of those human beings who do not confirm to their gender has been documented throught human history .The term transgender is deeply rooted in Indian history, it has been an umbrella term. The problems that transgender are facing are more of a psychological rather than a social problem. They are still not accepted and recognized in the society. Transgender is a term for those people who do not fall either under male categoryRead MoreWomen s Secondary Status : The Status Of Women2319 Words à |à 10 PagesCommittee: Commission on the Status of Women Topic: Women in Power and Decision Making Country: United States Background Women s secondary status is pervasive and durable. In such a trans-historical, cross-cultural universal social structure, women are still in unequal status with men in politics, economy, culture, knowledge, ideas, ethics and other fields. Even in their own family, women are still unequal from men. Male chauvinism thought that this patriarchal gender order is not only universalRead MoreAffirmative Action: the Topic of Debate for Many Years3498 Words à |à 14 Pagescontroversial because it has been said to be a form of reverse discrimination. This paper will discuss the purpose behind affirmative action, as well as, its various strengths and weaknesses. Also, this paper will look at the following issues surrounding affirmative action such as the incompetency myth ( are companies hiring less qualified people?), the impact on employment (what has changed in the work place?), the impact on women (how has their lives changed?) and the impact on employment lawRead MoreHuman Rights For T he Disabled1304 Words à |à 6 PagesBackground The topic of human rights for the disabled came after centuries of discrimination and mistreatment by people who thought nothing of them. During the 1800s, people with disabilities were used in circuses or in sideshows for entertainment or were put in an asylum for their whole life. They were thought to be abnormal and pitiful. The Disability Rights Movement began in the United States after World War One, because disabled veterans demanded care from the government. The problem has developedRead MoreWays in Which Zimbabwe Has Tried to Address Gender Inequalities.1682 Words à |à 7 PagesDiscuss four ways in which the education system in your country constructs the gender inequalities. [12] b) Suggest four ways in which the education system in your country can be made gender responsive. [8] a) It has become apparent that since time immemorial the girl child has been socialized to believe that she is inferior in some way or another to her male counterpart. This has been showcased in areas such as education, culture and religion. This form of discrimination has been the norm acrossRead MoreEmpowerment Of Women And The Development Of Muslim Family Law1507 Words à |à 7 Pages Empowerment of Women and the development of Muslim family Law in Bangladesh 1. Introduction All over the world women from various cultural and social backgrounds have a long tradition of rights and responsibilities to live in society with respect and dignity. Though there are difference between men and women in specific aptitude, powers and functions they have to be regarded as complementary to each other. We canââ¬â¢t deny that one sex is making up what other lacks acting in specific sphere
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Argumentative Essay On Dire Wolves - 1091 Words
Dire Wolves Are Dire wolves mythical creatures? Dire Wolves existed many years ago and they were real, not just in the game of thrones. They were bigger than our everyday wolves. You can say they that they were different from our modern day wolves in many aspects, such as that they had a stronger bite and were more muscular. They no longer exist anymore due to extinction, a lot of there fossils were found in Canada and California. This is the main reason that we became to know of their existence. You may be wondering why they went extinct or why you have never heard of them. Our everyday grey wolves weigh between 57-130 pounds where as Dire wolves would weigh between 125-170 pounds. They are now extinct, they became extinct about 10,000â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The differences between the front teeth that the Dire wolves teeth are 3.175 centimeters and the Gray wolves teeth are 2.619 centimeters. The tail size differences of the Dire wolf are 2 feet compared to the Gray wolfs size of 1.5 feet. The skull size differences are the Dire wolfs skull is 29.5 centimeters compared to 25.1 centimeters, which is the size of the Gray wolfs skull. The jaw size differences are that the Dire wolves is wider compared to the gray wolf which is narrow. All this information can be found on ââ¬Å"Dire Wolves appearanceâ⬠, there is a chart to show all the differences. One of the main differences are there body sizes, one is a lot or at least a little bit bigger than the other. The dire wolves lived in grasslands, forests, and places with high elevation. They originally were from South America; it is possible that they migrated to North America. Most people think that they migrated from North America to South America, so most people arenââ¬â¢t really certain on where they originated. However, ââ¬Å"most scientists say that they originated from South Americaâ⬠(10 Fierce Facts About Dire Wolves, paragraph 10). They migrated by using the frozen ice in the Ice Ages to get to North America. Most of their ââ¬Å"fossils were found above the equatorâ⬠(10 Fierce Facts About Dire Wolves, paragraph 9). There fossils were found in South America as well as North America. A lot of fossils were found in southern Alberta, Canada and southern California. OneShow MoreRelatedKant And Aldo Leopold s Ethics Regarding Sustainability And Personal Obligation3383 Words à |à 14 Pagespersons ââ¬â rational beings having rational nature as an end in itself ââ¬â from things, which ââ¬Å"have only a relative worth, while persons, and they alone, may not be used merely as meansâ⬠(Wood, 1999). Perhaps the most revealing passage of Kantââ¬â¢s is in his essay, Conjectural Beginning of Human History: ââ¬Å"The first time [the human being] said to the sheep, Nature gave the skin you wear not for you but for me, and then took it off the sheep and put it on himself (Genesis 3:21), he became aware of the prerogative
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Social Media Is A Double Edged Sword - 1410 Words
Negative Effects/ limitations However, social media is a double-edged sword. It also brings some problems to the public health while the public health gets lots of benefits from it. The spread of false information provides wrong information and brings big troubles to the public health work; expanding negative information may obstruct the development of health agencies. The spread of false information Sharing information is the main function for the social media. People share different kinds of information and their opinions with each other in the social media. However, not only the right information but also the wrong information are spread widely and quickly through social media. i. Rumors and misinformation Sharing false information becomes the biggest issue caused by social media. It is quite hard for the public health agencies to totally control the dissemination of false information. As Arya, Basu, and Khurana (2014) stated, ââ¬Å"the incidents of mass hysteria can often start with just a rumor, and it can often affect a large population if the rumor or triggering factor spreads through electronic media that is easily accessible by the general populationâ⬠(p.170). For example, during the outbreak of Ebola, large amounts of tweets were analyzed as lies, half-truths, and rumors which spread just like true news. Take some tweets from late September to late October 2014 as examples, ââ¬Å"The new iPhone 6 is infecting people with Ebolaâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Health officials might inject EbolaShow MoreRelatedThe Double Edged Sword We Call Technology1098 Words à |à 5 Pages The Double Edged Sword We Call Technology In the recent years, modern technology has heavily impacted nearly every aspect of human life. The things we experience, how we communicate, our values, how we develop from a child, technology impacts us in such a way that we donââ¬â¢t even realize it. As technology advances us into a more futuristic world, it is declining us a society as well, hence the term ââ¬Å"double edged swordâ⬠. From the beginning of humankind, technology has been developing faster and fasterRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society956 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe same efficiency that has made our quality of life better, has a hand in decreasing the quality of relationships around us. Sherry Turkle and Zeynep Tufekci both believe social media has done well to our society, but disagree on whether or not it is making human relationships grow apart. Social media is a double-edged sword; it brings people together that are physically apart by five hours, or even 30 minutes, but it also has negative effe cts on the quality of the relationships we have with theseRead MoreThe World Wide Web531 Words à |à 2 PagesThe World Wide Web, propelled by various social media programs like Twitter, FaceBook and Instagram, has become a double-edged sword in the era of Web 2.0. This double-edged sword can be symbolized by SENDERS of information, and RECEIVERS of information. In its early days, the primary use of the WWW was searching for information, on static ââ¬Ëpagesââ¬â¢, to fulfill a particular need or request. Maps, phone numbers, product information, and the like, were available to anyone who searched for it. TheRead MoreThe Positive Impact Of The Internet And Social Media735 Words à |à 3 Pagesour society than the Internet and social media. By using the internet, people can easily communicate with others beyond any geographical boundaries. The overall effect of the Internet is positive for both individuals and enterprise and it will be more efficient in the next ten years, although social media may bring about some adverse impacts. First of all, the widespread application of technology and social media can not only help young generation improve social abilities, but also provide businesspeopleRead MoreSocial Media and Hospitality Industry849 Words à |à 4 PagesSocial media is increasing on the internet very quickly, with millions of people, who have already joined it. It is a young phenomenon, impulsed by the desire of meeting and chatting with friends, on a single platform, such as Facebookà ® or Twitterà ®. But, social media means to join groups and pages, to participate to debates, to give feedbacks or reviews too. In this way, how is it useful for hotels and hospitality companies? What are the advantages? What are the drawbacks? In the first part, thisRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media769 Words à |à 4 Pages Social Media Paper Joshua Yates HUM/186 10/1/2017 Allyson Wells ââ¬Æ' The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media and Obtainable Information Social media has become an integrated part of our culture and a useful communication tool when properly used. Every day people log on to social media sites to get updates on everything from celebrities, family, and friends to top stories and breaking news. We also use social media in our professional lives. Individuals use social media as a cost-effectiveRead MoreBlack Women Stereotypes763 Words à |à 4 Pagesimage on reality television. The typical stereotype about Black men is the violent, misogynistic thug, and the ever-enduring pimp. These images portrayed in media and popular culture createpowerful ideology about race and gender, which affects daily experiences of Black women in America. With few healthy relationships portrayed in the media, Black women are left to make decisions based on the options they have and the options they perceive. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand why Black womenRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children850 Words à |à 4 Pages Negative Effects of Social Networking Social networks claim to connect us; however, connections have not gotten any better and are instead turning into anti-social networks; in which you decide to take control or be controlled. Children are using more technology now than they have ever used in the past. All of the negative effects that social media and television is having on adults are far greater when it comes to the developing minds of children. There is no way to know what long term effect technologyRead MoreHave Smartphones Ignited A Generation? By Jean Twenge702 Words à |à 3 Pageshaving social interaction. Twenge also states how this post-millennial generation tends to fall into depression, and homicidal rates have risen due to this technological impact. I believe that as the technology advances, the generations that come tend to go backwards in the way they behave in their everyday life. Twenge begins her article by introducing iGen, a term she uses to describe the post millennial generations that are shaped by smartphones and the ââ¬Å"concomitant rise of social mediaâ⬠. SheRead MoreProfessionalism, Ethics And Integrity Of The Bartholomew Police Department Essay921 Words à |à 4 Pagesuseful, like a double-edged sword could be harmful or detrimental to the department, in that it presents opportunities to access and use technology in both legitimate and illegitimate methods. Employees may only operate department equipment for its intended purpose and are restricted to using department electronic messaging systems for official business only. II. Purpose The purpose of this policy is to establish departmental rules and regulations concerning the utilization of social networking sites
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Healthcare Essay Example For Students
Healthcare Essay In todays fast-paced world where technology rules, the medical profession isalso advancing. In 1991, 2,900 liver transplants were performed in the UnitedStates while there were 30,000 canidates for the procedure in the United Statesalone (Heffron, T. G., 1993). Due to shortages of available organs fordonation/transplantation, specifically livers, once again science has come tothe rescue. Although the procedure is fairly new in the United States, theconcept of living organ donation is fast growing. Living related livertransplantion was first proposed as a theoretical entity in 1969 but it was notuntil almost twenty years later that the procedure became a clinical reality (Heffron,T. G., 1993). Living related liver transplants have mainly been performed in theUnited States and Japan until recently. In 1991 Europe began trying to institutethe procedure. The first transplant of this type took place in 1989 (Broelsch,C. E., Burdelski, M., Rogiers, X., Gundlach, M., Knoefel, W. T., Langwie ler, T.,Fischer, L., Latta, A., Hellwege, H., Schulte, F., Schmiegel, W., Sterneck, M.,Greten, H., Kuechler, T., Krupski, G., Loeliger, D., Kuehnl, P., Pothmann, W.,; Schulte Am Esch, J., 1994). This concept still has many areas that havenot yet been explored in depth and there are sensitive issues involved that needto be addressed. Live organ donation came about as a means to solve the problemof the absence of a donor. Many people die every year while waiting for a donororgan and many others suffer because of complications linked to finding asuitable donor. Before live organ donation most available organs wereharvested/transplanted from cadavers. This procedure has problems of its own. Complications include(a) suitable match, (b) legalities, (c) family not wantingto donate organs, and (d) time. With live organ donation a suitable match shouldbe easier to obtain and time should be able to be controlled to some extent. With live organ donor transplantation, the organ-damaging hemodynamicinstabiility associated with the death of the donor is avoided, and thecoordinated scheduling of operations in the donor and recipient holds ex vivoorgan ischemia to a minimum (Singer, P. A., Siegler, M., Whitington, P. F., Lantos, J. D., Emond, J. C., Thistlethwaite, J. R., ; Broelsch, C. E.,1989, p. 620). Prior to receiving a donor organ, recipients may be experiencinga variety of signs and symptoms related to their disease process. These caninclude(a) jaundice, (b) ascites, (c) GI bleed, (d) ECG changes, (e) malaise,(f) encephalopathy, (g) body image changes, and (h) fluid and electrolyteimbalances. Disease process is specific to the individual. Once the need fortransplant has been established the search for a donor can begin. There are amultitude of steps involved in the procedure. Some of these include(a)evaluation to determine the need for transplant, (b) search for a suitable donorwho is willing to donate, (c) evaluation of the donor, (d) obtaining the properconsent, and (e) mapping out the plan of care for both donor and recipient. Dueto legalities and ethical conflicts, the acceptance of live organ donortransplantation is questionable. Those families and volunteer participants mustmeet seve ral criteria in order to be considered for a live liver donor. Oncesomeone decides that they want to be a donor they must first under go a medicaland psychiatric evaluation. The medical portion of the evaluation includes(a)compatible blood type, (b) no history of liver disease, (c) normal results ofliver function tests, (d) appropriate size of left liver lobe on CT scan, (e) novascular anomalies on hepatic arteriography, and (f) low operative risk. Thepsychiatric portion of the evaluation must find that the donor is at low riskfor psychological decompensation and involves obtaining informed consent. Donors consent can be influenced by three areas, these include(a) internalpressure, (b) external pressure, and (c) urgency of medical situation. Allinstitutions have their own individual protocols for obtaining consent but manydo require a wait period between consent and procedure. This provides the donorwith time to change their decision, and after all these areas have beenaddressed the donor and recipient are prepared for surgery. The procedureinvolves donation of the left lateral lobe, which is the safest anatomicalresection (Jones, J., Payne, W. D., Matas, A. J., 1993). The surgeries areperformed simultaneously and may take several hours depending upon theexperience of the transplant team and the possibility of complications. Commoncomplications include(a) arterial thrombosis, (b) bile leaks, (c) infection, and(d) stricture at the biliary enteric anastomosis (Wise, B. V., 1994). During thepost-operative stage all normal nursing duties apply but there are also specificthings that nurses need to be aware of and look for. Because of the location ofthe liver some patients may experience some degree of pulmonary compromisepost-operatively. Liver function needs to be monitored by assessing lab results,liver enzymes, bilirubin, and bile production. All drains should be assessed forquantity and color. Fluid volume status and intake and output also need to becarefully monitored. PT/PTT coagulation factors are also a sensitive indicatorof graft function and can be expected to normalize in the first few days aftertransplant (Wise, B. V., 1994). The transplanted segment of the liver willregenerate to a standard liver volume, regardless of size at transplantation,within four to six months following the procedure. Normal liver enzymes havebeen documented within six weeks of the procedure (Wise, B. V., 1994). Organdonation alone is an area where the nurse plays an important role but with theadvances of living organ donation the role has expanded and many nurses are notpr epared to play the part. When comparing living donor organ transplantation tothe age old means of organ harvesting/transplantation from cadavers, thedifferences are many. Cadaver organs are usually shipped out , this meant thatthere was one nurse and support system with the grieving family while there wasanother nurse and support system with the recipient and family. The role is farfrom being black and white and now with living organ donors it weaves an evengreater web. Now the nurse is dealing with a patient who may be facing eminentdeath without a transplant, a concerned family who may be experiencinganticipatory grieving stages and a living organ donor who may or may not berelated who also faces possible complications and maybe even death. Then add inall the legalities and rules and you have one big mess. Support systems will bea key factor in this web. All those involved will be facing challenges andquestions unique to them. Nurses must remember that when caring for thepatients condition, they must not forget to also care for the patient andfamily. Isnt that what holistic nursing care is all about? We must care for thepatient as a whole and this would include the patients family. Nurses need toassess: (a) psychosocial needs, (b) functional outcomes, (c) quality of life,(d) daily living, (e) psychiatric outcome, and (f) financial needs. The nursemust use skills in crisis intervention to help ease the disequilibrium of thefamily. Nurses need to be sensitive to patient and family needs. Nurses musthelp the patients and their families to cope with(a) disease chronicity, (b)waiting period, (c) role reversal, (d) hospitalization, and (e) complicatedmedical regimen as well as take into consideration the demands on(a) time, (b)energy, (c) finances, and (d) relationships that the disease has placed onpatients and their families. The burdens and challenges that this crisis placeson patients and their families are many. These can also include(a) theuncertantity of re jection, (b) the uncertantity of future health and well-being,(c) social isolation, (d) financial burdens, (e) possible organ failure, (f)increased risk of two family members undergoing surgery, and (g) feelings ofguilt from non-donating persons or family members (Ganley, P. P., 1995). Astransplant moves into the critical care setting, nurses are going to have to beprepared for optimal management of donors, canidates, and recipients. They needto optimize patient outcomes through extended knowledge bases and educationabout:: (a) the procedure, (b) the human immune response, (c) the pharmacologyof immunosuppression, and (d) physiological and psychologic and behaviorresponses to transplantation (Smith, S. L., 1993). Nurses need to continue to bepatient advocates. We need to encourage communication, allow families toventilate anger, fear, and guilt and to educate patients and families about whatto expect. Nurses need to remember when designing care paths and nursingdiagnosis that it is important to include the necessary ones related to thepatients condition such as, potential for infection related to interrupted skinintegrity, which is the nursing diagnosis that the current nursing research isfocused on; but we also need to include nursing diagnoses that focus on thepatient and family as a whole. A key nursing diagnosis would be anxietysecondary to knowledge deficit about liver donation/transplantation. We need toeducate patients and their families and take the time to answer their questionsand listen to their fears and concerns. All too often nurses get caught up inthe machines that are taking care of the patients condition but we mustremember that there is no machine that can care for the patient and family, onlythe human response and caring of a nurse can preserve the person. History And Philosophy Of Vegetarianism EssayWise, B. V. . (1994). Advances in pediatric solid organ transplantation. NursingClinics of North America, 29 (4), 615-629.
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